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Obtaining Security/Audit Information

Problem

You need to obtain the security rights and/or audit information for a file or registry key.

Solution

When obtaining security/audit information for a file, use the static GetAccessControl method of the File class to obtain a System.Security.AccessControl.FileSecurity object. Use the FileSecurity object to access the security and audit information for the file. These steps are demonstrated in Example 17-15.
Example 17-15. Obtaining security audit information
public static void ViewFileRights()
{
    // Get security information from a file.
    string file = @"c:\FOO.TXT";

    FileSecurity fileSec = File.GetAccessControl(file);

    DisplayFileSecurityInfo(fileSec);
}

public static void DisplayFileSecurityInfo(FileSecurity fileSec)
{
    Console.WriteLine("GetSecurityDescriptorSddlForm: {0}",
        fileSec.GetSecurityDescriptorSddlForm(AccessControlSections.All));

    foreach (FileSystemAccessRule ace in
            fileSec.GetAccessRules(true, true, typeof(NTAccount)))
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\tIdentityReference.Value: {0}",
                          ace.IdentityReference.Value);
        Console.WriteLine("\tAccessControlType: {0}", ace.AccessControlType);
        Console.WriteLine("\tFileSystemRights: {0}", ace.FileSystemRights);
        Console.WriteLine("\tInheritanceFlags: {0}", ace.InheritanceFlags);
        Console.WriteLine("\tIsInherited: {0}", ace.IsInherited);
        Console.WriteLine("\tPropagationFlags: {0}", ace.PropagationFlags);

        Console.WriteLine("-----------------\r\n\r\n");
    }

    foreach (FileSystemAuditRule ace in
            fileSec.GetAuditRules(true, true, typeof(NTAccount)))
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\tIdentityReference.Value: {0}",
                          ace.IdentityReference.Value);
        Console.WriteLine("\tAuditFlags: {0}", ace.AuditFlags);
        Console.WriteLine("\tFileSystemRights: {0}", ace.FileSystemRights);
        Console.WriteLine("\tInheritanceFlags: {0}", ace.InheritanceFlags);
        Console.WriteLine("\tIsInherited: {0}", ace.IsInherited);
        Console.WriteLine("\tPropagationFlags: {0}", ace.PropagationFlags);

        Console.WriteLine("-----------------\r\n\r\n");
    }

    Console.WriteLine("GetGroup(typeof(NTAccount)).Value: {0}",
                      fileSec.GetGroup(typeof(NTAccount)).Value);
    Console.WriteLine("GetOwner(typeof(NTAccount)).Value: {0}",
                      fileSec.GetOwner(typeof(NTAccount)).Value);

    Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------\r\n\r\n\r\n");
}

These methods produce the following output:
GetSecurityDescriptorSddlForm: O:BAG:SYD:PAI(A;;FA;;;SY)(A;;FA;;;BA)
     IdentityReference.Value: NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
     AccessControlType: Allow
     FileSystemRights: FullControl
     InheritanceFlags: None
     IsInherited: False
     PropagationFlags: None
 -----------------

     IdentityReference.Value: BUILTIN\Administrators
     AccessControlType: Allow
     FileSystemRights: FullControl
     InheritanceFlags: None
     IsInherited: False
     PropagationFlags: None
 -----------------

 GetGroup(typeof(NTAccount)).Value: NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
 GetOwner(typeof(NTAccount)).Value: BUILTIN\Administrators

When obtaining security/audit information for a registry key, use the GetAccess-Control instance method of theMicrosoft.Win32.RegistryKey class to obtain a System. Security.AccessControl.RegistrySecurityobject. Use the RegistrySecurity object to access the security and audit information for the registry key. These steps are demonstrated in Example 17-16.
Example 17-16. Getting security or audit information for a registry key
public static void ViewRegKeyRights()
{
    // Get security information from a registry key.
    using (RegistryKey regKey =
        Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\MyCompany\MyApp"))
    {
        RegistrySecurity regSecurity = regKey.GetAccessControl();
        DisplayRegKeySecurityInfo(regSecurity);
    }
}

public static void DisplayRegKeySecurityInfo(RegistrySecurity regSec)
{
    Console.WriteLine("GetSecurityDescriptorSddlForm: {0}",
        regSec.GetSecurityDescriptorSddlForm(AccessControlSections.All));

    foreach (RegistryAccessRule ace in
            regSec.GetAccessRules(true, true, typeof(NTAccount)))
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\tIdentityReference.Value: {0}",
                          ace.IdentityReference.Value);
        Console.WriteLine("\tAccessControlType: {0}", ace.AccessControlType);
        Console.WriteLine("\tRegistryRights: {0}", ace.RegistryRights.ToString());
        Console.WriteLine("\tInheritanceFlags: {0}", ace.InheritanceFlags);
        Console.WriteLine("\tIsInherited: {0}", ace.IsInherited);
        Console.WriteLine("\tPropagationFlags: {0}", ace.PropagationFlags);

        Console.WriteLine("-----------------\r\n\r\n");
    }

    foreach (RegistryAuditRule ace in
            regSec.GetAuditRules(true, true, typeof(NTAccount)))
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\tIdentityReference.Value: {0}",
                          ace.IdentityReference.Value);
        Console.WriteLine("\tAuditFlags: {0}", ace.AuditFlags);
        Console.WriteLine("\tRegistryRights: {0}", ace.RegistryRights.ToString());
        Console.WriteLine("\tInheritanceFlags: {0}", ace.InheritanceFlags);
        Console.WriteLine("\tIsInherited: {0}", ace.IsInherited);
        Console.WriteLine("\tPropagationFlags: {0}", ace.PropagationFlags);

        Console.WriteLine("-----------------\r\n\r\n");
    }
    Console.WriteLine("GetGroup(typeof(NTAccount)).Value: {0}",
                      regSec.GetGroup(typeof(NTAccount)).Value);
    Console.WriteLine("GetOwner(typeof(NTAccount)).Value: {0}",
                      regSec.GetOwner(typeof(NTAccount)).Value);

    Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------\r\n\r\n\r\n");
}

These methods produce the following output:
GetSecurityDescriptorSddlForm: O:S-1-5-21-329068152-1383384898-682003330-1004G:S-1-
 5-21-329068152-1383384898-682003330-513D:
 AI(A;ID;KR;;;BU)(A;CIIOID;GR;;;BU)(A;ID;KA;;;BA)(A;CIIOID;GA;;;BA)(A;ID;KA;;;SY)(A;CI
 IOID;GA;;;SY)(A;ID;KA;;;S-1-5-21-329068152-1383384898-682003330-
 1004)(A;CIIOID;GA;;;CO)
     IdentityReference.Value: BUILTIN\Users
     AccessControlType: Allow
     RegistryRights: ReadKey
     InheritanceFlags: None
     IsInherited: True
     PropagationFlags: None
 -----------------

     IdentityReference.Value: BUILTIN\Users
     AccessControlType: Allow
     RegistryRights: -2147483648
     InheritanceFlags: ContainerInherit
     IsInherited: True
     PropagationFlags: InheritOnly
 -----------------

     IdentityReference.Value: BUILTIN\Administrators
     AccessControlType: Allow
     RegistryRights: FullControl
     InheritanceFlags: None
     IsInherited: True
     PropagationFlags: None
 -----------------

     IdentityReference.Value: BUILTIN\Administrators
     AccessControlType: Allow
     RegistryRights: 268435456
     InheritanceFlags: ContainerInherit
     IsInherited: True
     PropagationFlags: InheritOnly
 -----------------

     IdentityReference.Value: NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
     AccessControlType: Allow
     RegistryRights: FullControl
     InheritanceFlags: None
     IsInherited: True
     PropagationFlags: None
 -----------------

     IdentityReference.Value: NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
     AccessControlType: Allow
     RegistryRights: 268435456
     InheritanceFlags: ContainerInherit
     IsInherited: True
     PropagationFlags: InheritOnly
 -----------------

     IdentityReference.Value: OPERATOR-C1EFE0\Admin
     AccessControlType: Allow
     RegistryRights: FullControl
     InheritanceFlags: None
     IsInherited: True
     PropagationFlags: None
 -----------------

     IdentityReference.Value: CREATOR OWNER
     AccessControlType: Allow
     RegistryRights: 268435456
     InheritanceFlags: ContainerInherit
     IsInherited: True
     PropagationFlags: InheritOnly
 -----------------

 GetGroup(typeof(NTAccount)).Value: OPERATOR-C1EFE0\None
 GetOwner(typeof(NTAccount)).Value: OPERATOR-C1EFE0\Admin
 ---------------------------------------

Discussion

The essential method that is used to obtain the security information for a file or registry key is theGetAccessControl method. When this method is called on the RegistryKey object, a RegistrySecurity object is returned. However, when this method is called on a File class, a FileSecurity object is returned. TheRegistrySecurity and FileSecurity objects essentially represent a Discretionary Access Control List (DACL), which is what developers writing code in unmanaged languages such as C++ are used to working with.
The RegistrySecurity and FileSecurity objects each contains a list of security rules that has been applied to the system object that it represents. The RegistrySecurity object contains a list of RegistryAccessRuleobjects, and the FileSecurity object contains a list of FileSystemAccessRule objects. These rule objects are the equivalent of the Access Control Entries (ACE) that make up the list of security rules within a DACL.
System objects other than just the File class and RegistryKey object allow security privileges to be queried.Table 17-1 lists all the .NET Framework classes that return a security object type and what that type is. In addition, the rule-object type that is contained in the security object is also listed.
Table 17-1. List of all *Security and *AccessRule objects and the types to which they apply
Class
Object returned by the GetAccessControl method
Rule-object type contained within the security object
Directory
DirectorySecurity
FileSystemAccessRule
DirectoryInfo
DirectorySecurity
FileSystemAccessRule
EventWaitHandle
EventWaitHandleSecurity
EventWaitHandleAccessRule
File
FileSecurity
FileSystemAccessRule
FileInfo
FileSecurity
FileSystemAccessRule
FileStream
FileSecurity
FileSystemAccessRule
Mutex
MutexSecurity
MutexAccessRule
RegistryKey
RegistrySecurity
RegistryAccessRule
Semaphore
SemaphoreSecurity
SemaphoreAccessRule


The abstraction of a system object's DACL through the *Security objects and the abstraction of a DACL's ACE through the *AccessRule objects allows easy access to the security privileges of that system object. In previous versions of the .NET Framework, these DACLs and their ACEs would have been accessible only in unmanaged code. With the latest .NET Framework, you now have access to view and program these objects.

See Also

See Recipe 17.14; see the "System.IO.File.GetAccessControl Method," "System. Security.AccessControl.FileSecurity Class," "Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey.GetAccessControl Method," and "System.Security.AccessControl.RegistrySecurity Class" topics in the MSDN documentation.

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